In this paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), which is the dominant construction and demolition waste material, in base and subbase layers and its comparison with natural aggregate (NA).

(CG) = Concrete and Glass, (BCG) = Bituminous, Concrete, and Glass £ Recycled concrete is only allowed for shoulders β Class 2 must be composed of crushed quarry rock per 3138.2.B.2. Table 3138-4 Base and Surfacing Aggregate (containing 25% or more recycled aggregates & 75% or less recycled concrete) Total Percent Passing …

Introduction. In Europe, over 800 million tonnes of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are produced each year [11], with concrete wastes representing up to 75 % of total CDW by weight [30].To achieve a sustainable development of pavement construction, recycling and reuse of concrete wastes into pavement base and …

The subbase using crushed clay brick as the fine aggregate had a lower CBR value compared to the subbase using recycled concrete aggregate as the fine aggregate. 6. A 4-day soaked period had a negligible influence on …

1.1. C&D materials. The various types of C&D materials used are discussed below: 1.1.1. Use of demolished concrete. In the United States and European countries, the quantity of concrete demolished every year is about 50–60 million tons, respectively (Kawano, 2003; Robinson et al., 2004).At present, only a very meager quantity of …

Recycled concrete (RC) is relatively large, 2.416, and both the NCL26.5 and RC are smaller than the fractal dimension of recycled clay brick aggregates (RB), D = 2.656. It can be seen that the material strength has a significant effect on the fractal dimension, and the larger the aggregate strength is, the smaller the fractal dimension …

effective ways of addressing waste material. Incorporating recycled portland cement concrete (RPCC) into new pavement subbase is one alternative that addresses many of these obstacles. However, past field observations have indicated that roads built with RPCC aggregate subbases may experience reduced permeability (Kasai 2004; White et al. …

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), on the other hand, has been widely accepted in pavement applications. The sustainable solution of blending RAP with RCA was …

Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon …

The strength and stiffness of unbound pavement base and subbase layers built with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) can increase due to the self-cementing properties of RCA. While the effect of different levels of self-cementing properties on resilient deformation behaviour has not been thoroughly studied. In this research, the …

Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for Granular Subbase (GSB) in the tropical area is evaluated in this work. Among the materials widely studied as replacements in granular and surface layers is RCA. Its mechanical behavior in granular layers has mainly been evaluated with tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR). However, abrasion is …

This paper evaluated the effect of WCB content on the performance of cement-stabilized recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in pavement base/subbase applications. Based on the microscopic tests and laboratory tests of the aggregate, the compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, indirect tensile strength …

Recycled C&D materials, such as recycled concrete, recycled rock, recycled brick, reclaimed asphalt, and recycled glass, are increasingly being assessed for their suitability in various civil engineering applications, such as roads, pavements, footpaths and concretes [9], [10], [11].Incorporating these reclaimed materials into civil …

Request PDF | Recycled glass blends in pavement base/subbase applications: laboratory and field evaluation | This paper presents the findings of a field and laboratory evaluation on the use of ...

Arulrajah et al. [10] investigated the recycled crushed brick when blended with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed rock for pavement subbase applications. The research indicates that up to 25%, crushed brick could be safely added to recycled concrete aggregate and crushed rock blends in pavement subbase applications.

This paper focuses on using recycled concrete as a subbase material for highways. Concrete cubes produced from concrete tests such as compression strength, have been crushed to produce different ...

c00335 Recycled Concrete Shoulder Removed Subbase (No. 2A), Recycled Concrete Section Application 203 Embankment and Fill 221 MSE Walls 601 Sides of Trenches, Above Pipes, and Conduits 605 Endwalls, Inlets, Manholes, and Spring Boxes 738 Geogrids 1085 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts 1086 Sound Barriers ...

• When RCA is to be used in a subbase layer of the roadway and/or shoulders, production can be accomplished using an in-place concrete recycling train. 3. ... • 3.4M tons of recycled concrete aggregate used in base • Material cost savings from RCA: $20,530,000 • Avoided hauling cost (@$7.50/ton): $25,500,00

RECYCLED CONCRETE USES. Old, unneeded concrete can be recycled and used to create recycled aggregate. In most cases, recycled aggregate will be used as a subbase material, but it can also be paired with …

Concrete is routinely being recycled into the highway environment in the United States. The principal application of recycled concrete aggregate in the United States has been as a base material; The utilization of recycled concrete aggregate as aggregate in hot mix asphalt (HMA) and concrete is not as widely accepted in the United States.

Recently, it is found that, sometimes, the strength and stiffness of the unbound pavement base and subbase layers, built with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), increase with time, known as self-cementing properties of RCA [7], [8], [9].This is believed to be caused by the hydration of unhydrated cement in RCA, which is released …

Typical variations in water absorption with coarse and fine fraction of recycled aggregates (CRCA- coarse recycled concrete aggregates, FRCA- fine recycled concrete aggregates). In another study, water absorption properties of coarse and fine RCA samples were found to be 6% and 13.6%, respectively ( Mohammadinia et al., 2015 ).

Guide to subgrades and subbases, which support concrete slabs. Info on how to properly compact the subgrade and gravel base before placing concrete. ... silt, or organic materials. Manufactured aggregate works …

Base aggregate, subbase aggregate, Time Domain Reflectometry, compaction control, recycled concrete, permeability Unclassified 65 pp Mr. Thomas Bennert, Dr. Ali Maher The Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in a Dense Graded Aggregate Base Course

The findings of this study can be helpful for the design of cement-treated RCA base/subbase layers and enhance the confidence of highway designers and road contractors to employ RCA in field applications. 2. ... The selection of cement contents equal to 2–7 % to treat recycled concrete aggregates is based on the used strength …

Potential use of reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled concrete aggregate in base/subbase layers of flexible pavements. Constr. Build. Mater., 151 (2017), pp. 83-97. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [62] M. Arisha, A., Gabr, A. R., El-Badawy, S. M., & Shwally, S. A. (2018). Performance evaluation of construction …

This paper investigates the feasibility of using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as a replacement to the natural aggregates (NAs) in hot mix asphalt (HMA). RCA was collected from two different sources (new concrete cubes used for quality control testing during construction, and old demolished building) to investigate the impact of …

This paper presents a laboratory investigation of the geotechnical properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The properties of RCA were compared with state road authority requirements to assess its performance as a pavement sub-base material. The experimental programme included tests such as particle size distribution, modified …

Current research on ecofriendly construction fill materials primarily focuses on utilizing industrial by-products and construction and demolition (C&D) waste, such as biosolids [43], recycled ...

This paper investigates the physical and shear strength characteristics of six common C&D materials and assesses the viability of using these C&D materials in pavement base/subbase applications. The six recycled C&D materials studied were recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), crushed brick (CB), reclaimed asphalt pavement …