Sb - 0.1 wt.% Al and Sb - 0.1 wt.% Zn bars preparation and zone refining process. Download: Download high-res image (89KB) Download: Download full-size image; ... but has …

In the end, the pure lead and antimony are finally obtained respectively with the electrolytic refining of crude lead and the antimony xide's reduction smelting in reverberatory furnace [3]. ... which means high energy consumption. The low-purity lead bullion contains only 75–80% by weight lead, leading to the poor efficiency of ...

Results of an investigation aimed at optimizing the fire refining process for purification and extraction of antimony into a high-grade commercial metallic product are …

Kettle refining of lead - by air blowing and alkali addn. for antimony removal EP2459761A4 (en) * : : Stannum Group LLC: Process for refining lead bullion WO2020157165A1 (en) : : Metallo Belgium: Improved method for producing high purity lead

Generally, removal of antimony from high-antimony lead bullion was treated in reference to the refining process of crude lead with lower antimony content. At present, lead …

The reduction of antimony by oxygen is commonly used to soften lead. However, lead is also oxidized in this process. Therefore, the minimum antimony content available is related to acceptable lead loss. High antimony alloys can also be produced by oxygen sparging which removes the lead from solution as an oxide.

The invention relates to an electrolytic method of high-antimony lead, belonging to the field of pyrogenic-process and wet-process combined metallurgical technology. The method comprises the following steps: performing dosing and copper removal on the high-antimony lead produced by blast smelting in an anode pot, casting into an anode plate, and controlling the content of …

The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a lead elimination …

The Harris process for lead softeningLead softening uses sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate to remove arsenicArsenic, tinTin, and antimony from molten leadLead by oxidation. It is known to be better than oxygen softening; however, the …

Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant …

Sb 2 O 5 (l) + 3CaO (l) = Ca 3 (SbO 4) 2 (l) ΔG θ = −277.27−0.1407T. (11) The phase transformation mechanism of the high-grade copper matte for converting Pb is shown in Figure 11. Comprehensive …

(my ideal goal is "25-1" alloy, 25 parts lead, 1 part Tin, with less than 1 part antimony, but this may not be practical). Even if an "industrial" process would be difficult to implement, with the prices of lead nowadays, another couple bucks a pound and smelting and refining a few tons of scrap might start looking attractive!

The duration of the high-grade matte converting process is short, the amount of slag is small, and it is difficult for the original impurity removal operation in the low-grade matte converting process to meet the current production demand. Because the removal method for impurity elements during high-grade matte converting is unclear, the phase transformation of …

Crude lead produced by the traditional pyrometallurgy processes usually needs to refine that can be extensively used in lead-acid battery industry, industrial chemicals, anticorrosive materials in the field of metallurgical devices, protective materials in the area of the devices of atomic industry and X-ray instrument, etc. Fire refining process and electrolytic …

Conventional crude lead electro-refining based on fluosilicic acid (H2SiF6) system is suffering unwelcome environment burden due to the high volatility and instability of H2SiF6. Recycling secondary lead (Pb) resource resulted in high …

In secondary lead production, the alloying elements (in recycled acid/lead batteries) are removed by refining processes. The presence of arsenic, tin, and antimony …

As mentioned, the tin comes from battery grids and components. When conducting the classic lead refining method, the tin passes first into the dross and then into the slag. In the lead refining process, such as Harris refining, which consists mainly of oxidation, elements such as tin, antimony, and arsenic are removed from the lead [23].

The crude antimony used in this study was provided by a smelter in Hunan, China (Fig. 1 (a)).The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of crude antimony show that the primary phase is antimony (Fig. 1 (b)).Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the contents of Ag, S, Si, Sn, Pb, and Bi, and inductively coupled plasma-optical …

Strict requirements on the purity of the evaporation source lead to the high price and undersupply of high-purity antimony trisulfide powder [8], [9]. Most of the high-purity antimony trisulfide used in the solar-energy field is supplied by Sigma Aldrich Corporation at a price of about US $9/g, which is about 100 times higher than the price of ...

Lead refining dross containing plenty of tin and other heavy metals, such as lead and antimony, is considered a hazardous waste generated in large quantities in lead smelter plants.

The invention discloses a method for deep deleading and lead regeneration by fire refining of crude antimony and applications of metaphosphate. The methods comprise following steps: adding metaphosphate into molten crude antimony; blowing air into the mixture and stirring the mixture at a temperature of 700 to 1000 DEG C; when reaction is over, allowing the mixture to …

After 4 times' lifting, crude lead bullion (larger than 83% by weight) whose lead content is close to the eutectic point of lead-antimony binary system is gained in the bottom and the antimony ...

A technology of pyro-refining and antimony alloy, which is applied in the field of pyrometallurgy, can solve the problems of waste of lead resources, etc., and achieve the effect of high recovery rate and short smelting process

The experimental investigation and industrial practice in removing antimony, arsenic and tin from the high antimony lead bullion based on the fundamental principle of basic refining of the lead bullion show that the removal efficiency of antimony, arsenic and tin could drop with extension of the period of time, and the direct recovery of lead is 80～90%, the antimony slag ratio 10 …

Conventional crude lead electro-refining based on fluosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6) system is suffering unwelcome environment burden due to the high volatility and instability of H 2 SiF 6.Recycling secondary lead (Pb) resource resulted in high-content antimony (Sb) in the crude lead. Herein, we proposed a green, efficient and safe methanesulfonic acid (MSA) …

An improved process for refining lead bullion containing antimony, in which the bullion is initially heated in a refining vessel to about 25° F. (14° C.) above the bullion melting point, and is thereafter kept molten primarily by exothermic process reactions. The process includes the steps of melting the lead-antimony bullion, agitating the bullion, adding caustic soda and metallic …

cients of lead and antimony, of lead and bismuth, as well as of antimony and bismuth according to Eqs. 9 – 11. Linear dependencies may be described using the following equations:

Various refining agents were used for refining from lead, tin, iron, and arsenic. As a result of research, a method for fire refining of rough antimony was developed to obtain a …

Since, tin and antimony oxides have high free energies of formation, oxygen sparging in refining kettles is used to remove tin and antimony down to a range of <0.0005%. The reduction of …

Compared with the traditional methods, the process has significant advantages: high recovery of lead and antimony, no waste gas generated, highly effective resource utilization, short refining process, good working conditions, and compliance with the requirements of energy saving and clean production. The separated lead sulfide and antimony ...